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Despite improvements in tank cars since their invention in 1870, a major problem has always remained—the problem of corrosion and contamination control. Although aluminium and stainless‐steel cars seem to offer the ideal solution to this problem in some applications, the initial cost of such tank cars makes their utilisation impracticable for most users. It has been estimated that less than 2% of the 174,000 tank cars now in service in the U.S.A. are so constructed. However, close to 10%, or more than 17,000 interiors or tank cars at present in use, are treated with protective coatings or linings designed to ensure adequate protection for the cars and the products they carry. Customer demand for high standards of product purity is continuing to raise this figure at a rapid rate. Because of this trend towards the use of more and better protective linings, the ever‐increasing diversification of chemical products, and the once‐again rising use of railroad tank cars, Metalweld Inc., of Philadelphia, have recently conducted an extensive study of the problems encountered in the protection of tank‐car interiors and exteriors and the effect of such protection on the purity of the products carried. The results of the research indicated that, in practically every problem situation, protection of car and product can be achieved by one of the many protective coating systems available to industry today.

Under the new Compliance Program Rules, each U.S. registered investment adviser and U.S. registered investment company was required to designate a Chief Compliance Officer (“CCO)” by October 5, 2004. The CCO title is expected to carry supervisory responsibility for many of the newly appointed officers, which may lead to personal liability if they are charged with a failure of the duty to supervise. As a result, there is renewed interest in the standard of care applicable to supervisory personnel of investment advisers and the manner in which they may be insulated from regulatory liability for claims of failure to supervise persons under their control who violate certain federal securities laws (“Federal Securities Laws)”.

This paper seeks to understand the founding of the five main constructs of corporate identity proposed by Schmidt. Wider literature review has revealed some elements that need further consideration regarding their inclusion in the corporate identity model. Subsequently, a model is proposed. The BP Amoco company is used as an illustrative case to illuminate the proposed model’s intended explanatory power and value.

In this century of enormous growth in medical knowledge and skill, and the wide public interest in medical conditions, we have seen a spate of special clubs and societies whose main object is to help sufferers from some of the intractible diseases and addictions which still beset man—the Hemophilics, Alcoholics, Diabetics, Poliomyelitis victims, Multiple or Disseminated Sclerosis sufferers. The interest taken in these activities may sometimes be morbid, but in the main these societies have helped those afflicted and occasionally have contributed something to medical knowledge. For instance, from the association of hemophilics for their mutual help, it was learned that this condition has a seasonal incidence. In more recent years, other groups have been formed whose aim is prevention rather than help to those affected. The anti‐smoking clinics springing up in many areas are an example. They seek to check the rising incidence of lung cancer by helping people to give up smoking cigarettes. The latest in this field would seem to be the anti‐coronary clubs, established in the U.S.A., where the rising mortality among relatively young males is causing as much concern as in this country.

The purpose of this paper is to present the development of a system called Structured Hypermedia Algorithm Explanation (SHALEX), as a remedy for the limitations existing within the current traditional algorithm animation (AA) systems. SHALEX provides several novel features, such as use of invariants, reflection of the high‐level structure of an algorithm rather than low‐level steps, and support for programming the algorithm in any procedural or object‐oriented programming language.

By defining the structure of an algorithm as a directed graph of abstractions, algorithms may be studied top‐down, bottom‐up, or using a mix of the two. In addition, SHALEX includes a learner model to provide spatial links, and to support evaluations and adaptations.

Evaluations of traditional AA systems designed to teach algorithms in higher education or in professional training show that such systems have not achieved many expectations of their developers. One reason for this failure is the lack of stimulating learning environments which support the learning process by providing features such as multiple levels of abstraction, support for hypermedia, and learner‐adapted visualizations. SHALEX supports these environments, and in addition provides persistent storage that can be used to analyze students' performance. In particular, this storage can be used to represent a student model that supports adaptive system behavior.

SHALEX is being implemented and tested by the authors and a group of students. The tests performed so far have shown that SHALEX is a very useful tool. In the future additional quantitative evaluation is planned to compare SHALEX with other AA systems and/or the concept keyboard approach.

SHALEX has been implemented as a web‐based application using the client‐server architecture. Therefore students can use SHALEX to learn algorithms both through distance education and in the classroom setting.

This paper presents a novel algorithm explanation system for users who wish to learn algorithms.